Introduction

1. Download the latest version from here:Adafruit and decompress it. Note that it is 2.6 GB.
   
   

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2. Open Terminal. Make sure you have a tcsh shell. If not modify your preferences.
   
   

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3. Without the card in your computer's SD card reader, type df -h. The df program shows your free space, but it also shows which disk volumes are mounted.
   
   

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4. Insert the SD card and run df -h again (You can press the Up arrow or type the command again).
   
   

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5. Look at the list of mounted volumes and determine which one is the SD card by comparing it to the previous output. For example, an SD card mounts on our computer as /Volumes/Untitled, and the device name is /dev/disk1s1. Depending on the configuration of your computer, this name may vary. Names are assigned as devices are mounted, so you may see a higher number if you have other devices or disk images mounted in the Finder. Write the card's device name down.
   
   

   /dev/disk1s1   3.7Gi  2.2Mi  3.7Gi     1%    /Volumes/NO NAME

   
   
   

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6. To write to the card you'll have to unmount it first. Unmount it by typing sudo diskutil unmount /dev/disk1s1 (using the device name you got from the previous step instead of /dev/disk1s1). Note that you must use the command line or Disk Utility to unmount. If you just eject it from the Finder you'll have to take it out and reinsert it (and you'll still need to unmount it from the command line or Disk Utility). If the card fails to unmount, make sure to close any Finder windows that might be open on the card.
   
   

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7. You'll need to figure out the raw device name of the card. Take your device name and replace disk with rdisk and leave off the s1 (which is the partition number). For example, the raw device name for the device /dev/disk1s1 is /dev/rdisk1.
   
   It is really important that you get the raw device name correct! You can overwrite your hard drive and lose data if you start writing to your hard drive instead of the SD card. Use df again to double check before you continue.
   
   

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8. Make sure that the downloaded image is unzipped and sitting in your home directory.
   
   
   

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9. You'll be using the Unix utility dd to copy the image bit by bit to the SD card. Below is the command. Replace the name of the disk image with the one you downloaded, and replace /dev/rdisk1 with the raw device name of the SD card.
   
   You're essentially telling dd to run as root and copy the input file (if) to the output file (of).

   sudo dd bs=1m if=~/Occidentalis_v02.img of=/dev/rdisk1

   
   
   

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10. It will take several minutes to copy the whole disk image. When it's done it will show you some statistics; eject the SD card and you're ready to try it on the Pi.
    
    

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Testing it out

Internet Sharing

1. Open up the Sharing control panel in System Preferences.
   
   

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2. Click on the Internet Sharing option, which may be grayed out at this point.
   
   

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3. Choose Ethernet as the port you'll share your internet connection.
   
   

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4. Enable Internet Sharing.
   
   

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5. Select Start
   
   
   

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Connecting your Pi

1. Plug your Pi into your laptop’s ethernet port.
   
   

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2. Plug the USB cable into your laptop, and then into the micro USB port on the Pi.
   
   

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3. Your Pi should boot up (notice the flashing LEDs). After a short while, assume that it has fully booted and grabbed an IP address from your laptop.
   
   

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4. In terminal find out what address it was assigned by using the cat command:

   cat /private/var/db/dhcpd_leases 

   
   
   

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5. Your address will probably be 192.168.2.2.
   
   
   

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6. Now you want to SSH in.That is, you need to connect to a command shell on the Pi:

   ssh pi@x.x.x.x

   Where x.x.x.x is the IP you found previously. It should connect and ask you for the default password, which is raspberry
   
   
   

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7. Now you need to configure the Pi. Type:

   sudo raspi-config 

   You can run raspi-config any time you like, if you find that there are some settings that you need to make or modify type on the command line:

   sudo raspi-config

   
   
   The raspi-config tool:
   
   
   

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8. Use the up and down arrow keys to move around the list, the space bar to select something, and tab to change fields or move the cursor to the buttons at the bottom of the window.
   
   

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9. Expand rootfs
   You should always choose this option; this will enlarge the filesystem to let you use the whole SD card.
   
   
   
   

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10. Change Locale
    Since you're not in the UK you need to change the locale to reflect your language and character encoding preferences.
    1. Select Change Locale
       
       
       

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    2. The default setting is for UK English with a standard UTF-8 character encoding (en_GB.UTF-8). Use the arrow keys to find the default selection and press Space to deselect it:
       
       
       

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    3. Use the arrow keys to find en_US.UTF-8 and select it by pressing Space
         
       
       

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    4. Press Tab to accept changes:
       
       
       
       

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11. Change timezone
    
    
    

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12. Keyboard
    The default keyboard settings are for a generic keyboard in a UK-style layout. If you want the keys to do what they're labeled to do, select a keyboard type and mapping that corresponds to your setup. Your locale settings can affect your keyboard settings as well.
    
    

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13. SSH
    This option turns on the Secure Shell (ssh) server, which will allow you to login to the Raspberry Pi remotely over a network. Turn this on.
    
    

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14. Overscan
    Leave the overscan option disabled. You'll use this option if you have a high definition monitor and you find that the text runs off the side of the screen. To fix this problem, enable the overscan and change the values to fit the image to the screen. The values indicate the amount of overscan so the display software can correct; use positive values if the image goes off the screen, negative if there are black borders around the edge of the display.
    
    

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15. Password
    It's a good idea to change the default password from raspberry to something a little stronger. But for now leave this
    
    

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16. Memory split
    This option allows you to change the amount of memory used by the CPU and the GPU. Leave the default split for now.
    
    

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17. Overclock
    You now have the option of running the processor at speeds higher than 700MHz with this option. For your first time booting, leave the default settings or try Medium or Modest. You may want to return to this later (Turbo mode can run at 1000MHz).
    
    

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18. Desktop Behavior
    This option lets you boot straight to the graphical desktop environment and is set to Yes by default. If you select No, you’ll get the command line when you boot up and you’ll have to login and start the graphical interface manually like this:

    raspberrypi login: pi
    Password: raspberry
    pi@raspberrypi ˜ $ startx

    When you’re in the graphical desktop, your command prompt will disappear. You can open a terminal program to get a command prompt while you’re in the graphical desktop. Click the desktop menu in the lower left, then choose Accessories?LXTerminal.
    
    

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19. Update
    Finally, if you’re connected to the Internet you'll be able to update the conifg utility with this option. Don’t update the OS on your first time around.
    
    

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20. When you're done, select Finish and you'll be dumped back to the command line.
    
    

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Using VNC

1. The next step is to install the vnc server. This is what will transmit the desktop environment to your laptop: Type:

   sudo apt-get install tightvncserver 

   
   
   

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2. Run the VNC server once, and it will ask you to set a password:

   vncserver
   

   Set and remember a password when it prompts you. I use raspberr because you can only use 8 characters
   
   

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3. Now run the VNC server for real:

   vncserver :1 -geometry 640x480 -depth 24
   

   The :1 is the display number. This is necessary because you could serve multiple virtual displays off of one computer.
   
   

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4. Install the VNC client on your laptop and connect to the Pi's GUI. We are going to start with Chicken of the VNC, which is a popular Mac client. Download and install it.
   
   

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5. Open Chicken of the VNC
   
   

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6. Configure the connection:
   
   
   

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7. When it connects you should see the desktop:
   
   
   

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8. When you want to use VCN again follow these steps:
   1. Open terminal
      
      

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   2. SSH in
      
      

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   3. Set up VCN:
      
      
      

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   4. Start connection
      
      

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   5. enjoy:
      
      
      

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9. In the terminal after sshing into your Pi type:

   cd /home/pi
   cd .config

   the '.' at the start of the folder name indicates that this is a hidden folder, one that does not show up when you type 'ls'.
   
   

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10. Type in the command below to create a new directory inside .config called 'autostart'.

    mkdir autostart

    
    
    

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11. Navigate, cd, into that new directory by typing:

    cd autostart

    
    
    

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12. Edit a new configuration file. So type the following command to open the nano editor on the new file:

    nano tightvnc.desktop

    
    
    

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13. Edit the contents of the file with the following text:

    [Desktop Entry]
    Type=Application
    Name=TightVNC
    Exec=vncserver :1
    StartupNotify=false

    
    
    

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14. Type ctrl-X and then Y to save the changes to the file.
    
    

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15. If all goes well, The next time you reboot the VNC server will restart automatically.
    
    

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Shutting Down

pi@raspberrypi ˜ $ sudo shutdown -h now

Booting Up Raspberry Pi

1. Plug the SD card into the socket.
   
   

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2. Plug in a USB keyboard and mouse. On the Model A, plug them into a powered hub, then plug the hub into the Pi.
   
   

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3. Plug the HDMI output into your TV or monitor. Make sure your monitor is on.
   
   

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4. Plug in the power supply. In general, try to make sure everything else is hooked up before connecting the power.
   
   

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Editing config.txt

1. Shut down your Raspberry Pi remove the power and remove the SD card.
   
   

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2. Put the SD card in your card reader and wait for the card to appear on the Desktop.
   
   

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3. Open the card in Finder.
   
   

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4. Look for config.txt
   
   

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5. Open the file with a text editor.
   
   

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6. Add the necessary configuration parameters.
   
   

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7. Save the file as "config" and quit the text editor.
   
   

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8. Eject the SD card
   
   

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9. Remove the SD card from the computer, insert it in the Raspberry Pi and reboot
   
   

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1. Open LXTerminal
   
   

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2. Enter the command:

   sudo nano /boot/config.txt

   
   
   

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3. Type in the necessary configuration parameters
   
   

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4. Save the edited file by pressing Control-x
   
   

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5. Press y
   
   

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6. Press ENTER
   
   

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7. After exiting the editor, restart using the command

   sudo reboot

   
   
   

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ssh

1. Open Terminal.
   
   

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2. You need the ip address of the Raspberry PI. You can find the ip address by typing:

   sudo ifconfig

   
   
   

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3. Type:

   ssh 192.168.2.2 -l pi
   

   The option -l pi specifies that you want to log into the Pi as the user pi.
   
   

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4. Alternatively, run his command:

   ssh pi@192.168.2.2
   

   
   
   

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Screen Sharing

1. SSH in to the raspberry Pi
   
   

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2. Netatalk is a freely-available Open Source AFP fileserver. This will allow you to see your Raspberry Pi in the finder window Install netatalk. Type in :

   sudo apt-get install netatalk
   

   
   
   

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3. On the Mac, open Finder, and hit ⌘K. Enter the following ip: afp://192.168.2.2 . Replace the ip # with your ip number if it is different. You won't be able to log in just yet.
   
   

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4. Back in Terminal type:

   sudo apt-get install avahi-daemon
   sudo update-rc.d avahi-daemon defaults
   

   
   
   

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5. Open the file afpd.service:

   sudo nano /etc/avahi/services/afpd.service

   
   
   

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6. Make sure your file looks like this:

   <?xml version="1.0" standalone='no'?><!--*-nxml-*-->
   <!DOCTYPE service-group SYSTEM "avahi-service.dtd">
   <service-group>
      <name replace-wildcards="yes">%h</name>
      <service>
         <type>_afpovertcp._tcp</type>
         <port>548</port>
      </service>
   </service-group>
   

   Save and close.
   
   

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7. Restart the avahi-daemon using this command:

   sudo /etc/init.d/avahi-daemon restart

   You should now be able to see the Pi in the Finder sidebar.
   
   

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8. Setting up vncserver come next:
   
   Connect to the VNC

   vncserver

   
   
   

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9. Navigate to the init.d:

   cd /etc/init.d

   
   
   

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10. Add the following to the file:

    sudo nano tightvncserver
    

    
    
    

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11. Add the following content to the file:

    #!/bin/bash
    # /etc/init.d/tightvncserver
    #
     
    # Carry out specific functions when asked to by the system
    case "$1" in
    start)
        su pi -c '/usr/bin/vncserver -geometry 1440x900'
        echo "Starting VNC server "
        ;;
    stop)
        pkill vncserver
        echo "VNC Server has been stopped (didn't double check though)"
        ;;
    *)
        echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/blah {start|stop}"
        exit 1
        ;;
    esac
     
    exit 0
    (Change the geometry setting if your monitor is a different size.)
    

    Change the geometry setting if your screen is different.
    
    

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12. Now type:

    sudo chmod +x tightvncserver
    sudo pkill Xtightvnc
    

    
    
    

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13. Make sure that the VNC server is not running by typing in the following:

    ps aux | grep vnc
    

    
    
    

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14. Type:

    sudo /etc/init.d/tightvncserver start
    cd /etc/init.d
    sudo update-rc.d tightvncserver defaults
    

    
    
    

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15. Create the avahi rfb service file by typing:

    sudo nano /etc/avahi/services/rfb.service

    
    
    

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16. Add this content:

    <?xml version="1.0" standalone='no'?>
    <!DOCTYPE service-group SYSTEM "avahi-service.dtd">
    <service-group>
      <name replace-wildcards="yes">%h</name>
      <service>
        <type>_rfb._tcp</type>
        <port>5901</port>
      </service>
    </service-group>
    

    Save and close.
    
    

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17. Restart the avahi-daemon:

    sudo /etc/init.d/avahi-daemon restart

    Now you should be able to see the Screen Share option for the Pi in your Finder sidebar.
    
    

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18. My password was raspberr, but enter whatever yours is when prompted.
    
    

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Installing New Software

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo apt-get install emacs

sudo apt-get install scrot