Loops

Iterate over the values in a vector or range.
for (z = [-1, 1]){
    translate([0, 0, z])
    cube(size = 1, center = false);
}
for ( i = [0 : 5] ){
    rotate( i * 360 / 6, [1, 0, 0])
    translate([0, 10, 0])
    sphere(r = 1);
}
or
for (i = [10:50]){
   echo(i);
}
// Note: The middle parameter in the range designation ('0.2' in this case) is the 'increment-by' value
for ( i = [0 : 0.2 : 5] ){
    rotate( i * 360 / 6, [1, 0, 0])
    translate([0, 10, 0])
    sphere(r = 1);
}
or
intersection() {

    cube(size=180, center=true);

    union(){
        for (i=[0:10:350]) {
            rotate(a=[0,0,i]) {
                translate([20, 0, 0]) {
                    rotate(a=[20,0,0]) {
                        cylinder(h=200, r1=5, r2=5, center=true);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

}
Ranjit Bhatnagar

for (i = [0:5]) {
    echo(360*i/6, sin(360*i/6)*80, cos(360*i/6)*80);
    translate([sin(360*i/6)*80, cos(360*i/6)*80, 0 ])
    cylinder(h = 10, r=10);
}
for (i =  [0 : 0.1 : 6]) {
    echo(360*i/6, sin(360*i/6)*80, cos(360*i/6)*80);
    translate([sin(360*i/6)*80, cos(360*i/6)*80, 0 ])
    cylinder(h = 10, r=5);
}