Why are we here?

As educators we need to prepare students for the future:

• Computer Aided Design and Drafting (CADD)
• Rapid Prototyping (RP)
• Reverse Engineering
• Brainstorming and ideation
• Development of workflows

We're here to determine how to incorporatate 3D printing into our classes

• Encourage students to be more responsible for their own learning outcomes, or put another way, support personal student exploration in the pursuit of a learning objective.
• Provide powerful learning aids, like Design Thinking techniques.
• Build cooperative learning opportunities.
• Build resiliency by taking advantage of rapid prototyping and testing techniques.
• Develop communication skills through continuous documentation and sharing.

More reasons why you should incorporate 3D technology into education:

• It can help visualize data.
• It can provide tactile feedback.
• It encourages you to quickly prototype.
• It invites you into the realm of the D.I.Y. ethic.
• It engages you in STEM-based projects.
• It serves as another means of communication.

What can be printed?

3DX Fashion

Image from www.continuumfashion.com

Verlan Dress from New Skins with Francis Bitonti Studio
Image from

Image from nervous system

Footwear and apparel company Nike believes 3D printing technology can speed up athletic performance
Image from

3DX Food

Loris Tupin, a French industrial designer from Maxilly sur Léman, presented the biodynamic model of a flower that, from a bud, changes into a rose during cooking
Image from 3dprintingindustry.com

Hershey Unveils 3-D Chocolate Candy Printing Exhibit in Partnership with 3D Systems
Image from 3dprintingindustry.com

3D print edible hydrogels capable of conducting electricity
Image from 3dprintingindustry.com

Ingredients are loaded into stainless steel capsules. Load them with beef to print out mini burgers.
Image from cnn.com

More Links

• Luis Rodriguez
  • 3DigitalCooks homepage
  • Luis Rodriguez-Alcalde
  • 3DigitalCooks videos
  • Pinya3-a-3d-food-printer-platform
  • 3D food printing
• All3DP
• Restaurants using 3D printers:
• Pinshape: 5 Step Beginners Guide to 3D Printing Food
• 3D printing dessert: Liz and Kyle von Hasseln

3DX Health and Medicine

3-D printed artificial heart valve.
Image from Jonathan Butcher, Cornell University

A 3-D printer used by researchers at Harvard University's Wyss Institute creates a model vascular network.
Image from LORI K. SANDERS

Image from dezeen

Pediatric cardiologist Laura Olivieri of Children's National Medical Center displays a heart model created by a 3-D printer. (Amanda Voisard/For The Washington Post)
Image from Washington Post

Bioresorbable Airway Splint Created with a Three-Dimensional Printer
Image from The New England Journal of Medicine

MIT Produces Synthetic Bone With 3-D Printing
Image from Boston Magazine

Image from dezeenYoung girls that suffer from spinal curvature will soon be able to wear lighter and more stylish 3D-printed braces to treat their condition.

Image from bespoke innovations

Image from bespoke innovations

3DX Data Visualization

The Grand Canyon
Images from solidsmack

Mt. McKinley
Images from solidsmack

Mt. Hood
Images from solidsmack

Mt. Rainer
Images from solidsmack

Mt. Saint Helens
Images from solidsmack

Yosemite
Images from solidsmack

Zion
Images from solidsmack

Cylinder by Andy Huntington and Drew Allan may be one of the first digitally-fabricated sound sculptures. Also see our entry 2007 – Explosion of sound sculptures.
Images from extraversion

Weather data is another interesting choice for creating data jewelry. Above to the left is a bracelet created by Mitchell Whitelaw based on one year of weather data from Canberra. The right image shows a measuring cup made by the same artist, where each ring represents monthly average temperatures in Sydney over 150 years. Sources: Mitchell Whitelaw. Weather Bracelet (2009) Mitchell Whitelaw. Measuring Cup (2010)
Images from teemingvoid

A 3D bar chart on top of a keyboard which shows the frequency of each letter in the alphabet. Source: Michael Knuepfel. Keyboard Frequency Sculpture.
Images from portfolio.spike5000

2013 – NYC High School Dropouts
Ben Kauffman and Sam Brenner created this visualization as part of the ITP program at the NYU Tisch School of the Arts. It is a combination of a 3D-printed relief map of New York City with beads where each bead represents one school location. Each bead on top of the relief map is connected to a string below whose length indicates the number of students who dropped out of that school.
Images from benkauffman

Sound Bites is the result of an experimental design practice. Four days of 24/7 ambient sound recordings resulted in 128 4-second intimate sound loops. Fast Fourier Transform frequency analysis and geometrical operations transformed time, frequency, and amplitude into X, Y and Z dimensions, forming 3D sonic shapes. These 'disco donuts' were 3D printed into 128 sound objects. Vacuum molded they formed the base to cast 128 unique chocolate objects. New rhythmic patterns were created, comprising frozen moments in time.
Matter is energy. Objects are processes. Memories are expectations.
Images from soundbitessoundbites

Visual journalist Jon Keegan created this quick chart using U.S. unemployment rate starting from January 1948 (the first year that the U.S. started to record the number) through the end October 2015. The long axis represents years from 1948-2015, and each column is made of of 12 chips, each representing one month's unemployment rate figure. The height of each chip represents the rate for that month. One can see a dramatic cliff start to rise up in the fall of 2008, as the global economic downturn began to unfold. Equally interesting is the slow, but steady recovery as unemployment drops through the end of 2015. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Inspired by the fantastic 2D heat map from WSJ (where Jon used to work).
Source data and OpenSCAD files.
Images from U.S. Unemployment Rate 1948-2015 (monthly)

This is a cool little app. Known as The Vibe, it's an iPhone case you can customize to your favorite sound using SoundCloud.
Images from makepartsfast.com

French, digital artist, Gilles Azzaro, explores a Barack Obama State of the Union Address, by turning peaks in soundwaves into shining plastic.
Images from creators.vice.com

A 3D printed representation of the world's biggest companies.
Images from 3ders.org

Volker Schweisfurth uses 3D Printing to make digital data tangible.
Images from 3dprint.com

3DX Design

Henry Segerman and Saul Schleimer cast astounding shadows and designs from their designs.
Image from 3dprintingindustry.com

Classic Design Firm Goes Ultra-Modern With 3D-Printable Headphones
Image from Wired

The Luna: Unique Nylon Printed Hexagon Bike
Image from www.3dprintingnews.co.uk

World's First Entirely 3D-Printed Gun
Image from Forbes

3D-Printed Filigree Skull
Image from Makezine

A 3D-printed lightbulb with its own miniature cityscape
Image from trends.archiexpo.com

3DX Art

Rodin Remix is a hands-on space that encourages visitors to explore and create figures based on the artists' own process of reusing old fragments in new works. It also puts a modern spin on Rodin's method of mass production by showcasing pieces printed on 3D printers.
Image from Portland Museum

Design lecturer John Edmark has created a series of designs for 3D-printed sculptures that appear to move, utilising an effect similar to a zoetrope
Image from Dezeen

Argentinian artist Adrián Villar Rojas has transformed the Cantor Roof with an intricate site-specific installation that uses the Museum itself as its raw material. Featuring detailed replicas of nearly 100 objects from The Met collection, The Theater of Disappearance encompasses thousands of years of artistic production over several continents and cultures, and fuses them with facsimiles of contemporary human figures as well as furniture, animals, cutlery, and food. Each object—whether a 1,000-year-old decorative plate or a human hand—is rendered in the same black or white material and coated in a thin layer of dust.
Image from NYT

For a national campaign of the World Animal Protection, Joris created a 3D print installation with 5 Ultimakers combined with Z-Unlimited add-on. With this installation he was able to print a life size elephant live at Schiphol airport within 2 weeks time. The elephant served as a 3D petition against elephant abuse in the tourist industry: Only when people signed the petition the printers were actively printing the elephant. All 30.000 names of the people that signed the petition are engraved in the 3D printed elephant skin.
Image from Joris Rooie

Repositories

Most Popular and Free for 3D Printing Collections:

• Thingiverse
• My Mini Factory
• youMagine
Pinshape
• GrabCad
• X 3D Smithsonian
• NIH 3D Print Exchange
• GB3D Type Fossils
  The UK repository for digitized type fossil specimens.
• African Fossils
  African Fossils seeks to increase public knowledge about prehistory by harnessing modern technology. Through digitizing otherwise inaccessible discoveries, the organization is dedicated to creating a growing repository of 3D models of significant fossils and artifacts, thus making them freely accessible to all.
• Digital Morphology library
  This collection of 3D models of fossils is generated at the National Science Foundation's multi-user CT lab
• Human ear from McGill
• Turbosquid
• SketchFab
• Autodesk

The 3 Steps to 3D Printing

You need the following to print

• A 3D model
• A slicer program, software to convert your STL, OBJ of 3mf file into G-code.
• A 3D printer

1. The adjacent triangles must have two vertices in common.
2. The orientation of the triangles (what side of the triangle is in and what side is out) as specified by the vertices and normals must agree.

Software to Repair Meshes:

Blender

1. Open the 3D Print Toolbox: File→User Preferences→Add-Ons (Cmd ,)
2. Select Mesh and enable 3D Print Toolbox:
   
3. Save User Settings:
   
   You can access the toolbox now in the left sidebar.
4. Blender's 3D Print Toolbox allows you to address all the issues that might cause your STL file to print incorrectly. The most pressing are:
   • Overhangs that require support structure when printing with FDM and other techniques.
   • Wall-thickness indicates areas that cannot be printed because they are too thin.
   • Manifolds confound 3D printers with identical edges directly on top of each other.
   You can either check for all these issues by pressing Check All.
   
5. On the bottom of the toolbox appears a list of errors you can cycle through:
   
   To repair vertices and edges press Isolated.
   To make your mesh manifold press Make Manifold:
   

Meshmixer

1. To import an STL file simply click on Import and browse for your object.
2. Make your object solid.
   Make your object solid. Alternatively, you can make it hollow. Click on Edit → Make solid.
3. In the sidebar, select Print. Here you find a comprehensive selection of tools that can help you prepare your STL file for 3D printing:
4. To repair your mesh select Analysis and Auto Repair All.
   This little tool will automatically fix all holes, non-manifold vertices, etc.
5. If you want to generate a support structure for your STL file, under the Overhangs option select Generate Support.

MeshLab

1. To open a supported mesh file go to File→Import Mesh and browse for your model.
2. To check if your STL file is watertight select:
   Filters→ Quality Measures and Computations→Compute Geometric Measures.
   You should see a volume for your file or an error report in the dialog on the right side.
3. In case your STL file is not watertight, select
   Filters→Cleaning and Repairing > Merge Close Vertices, click Apply.
   Select Filters →Cleaning and Repairing →Remove Duplicate Faces, click Apply.
   Select Filters →Cleaning and Repairing →Remove Duplicated Vertices.
4. Check your STL file again.

Instant Meshes

Design Process

The Design Process requires:

• Research
• Design
• Building
• Testing
• Iterating
• Communication

The Basic steps

1. Describe the general situation or problem you are trying to solve. Instead of asking "What do you want to design?" ask "Why do you want to design that?" and "What problem and or need will your design ultimately be solving?"
2. Identify your target population, which group of people will benefit from your solution. Is the target population an individual, a group, a specific community, or a larger, identifiable population? Is the target population from a specific location (country, region, town), demographic (age or gender), or other identifying characteristics (health condition or employment)?
3. Identify requirements and constraints. A requirement is a need or a necessity; it's what a particular product or service should do. A constraint is a restriction on the degree of freedom you have in providing a solution to a need or problem.
4. Research/analysis
   
   Ask what are the disadvantages of the present solution to the problem?
   
   Ask what compromises have been made in the present solution?
   
   Determine if the compromises are necessary?
   
   Determine if the solution can be improved:
   • By taking a new approach.
   • By making the design more accurate, safer, more convenient, easier to maintain, cheaper, or more attractive.
   • Determine if you can reduce costs by eliminating parts, using different materials, changing the way the product is manufactured.
5. Test
6. Iterate

In a nutshell

• States the problem.
• Describes the solution, so with 3D printing, the project you will build.
• Identifies the parts that need to be designed.
• Includes sketches of the pieces and/or the model.
• Keeps track of dimensions so that you can track changes made over the process.
• Describes the division of labor (who does what).
• Keeps track of the progress.
• Keeps track of what is printed.
• Keeps track of testing and plans for iterating (keeps track of what changes will be made).
• Documents the final physical or virtual presentation.

Some Design Challenge Resources

• The Stanford Center on Longevity Design Challenge
• NASA DESIGN CHALLENGES AND COMPETITIONS
• Real World Design Challenge
• Design Kit from IDEO This is a great resources to help you through the process of designing your own challenge and
• IDEO's Design Thinking for Educators
  Design Thinking for Educators Website
  Design Thinking For Educators toolkit
• IDEO's HCD [Human-Centered Design] ConnectThis resource was designed for NGOs and social enterprises that work with impoverished communities but includes methods relevant to education as well. The free kit walks users through the human-centered design process and supports them in activities such as building listening skills, running workshops, and implementing ideas.
• Embrace, an example of a challenge and its solution.
  
• d.school's k12 wiki
• How Are Universities Grooming the Next Great Innovators?
  Stanford is one of the earliest higher education institutions in the country to apply design thinking across fields, equipping students with the ability and mindset to tackle difficult global problems in industries from healthcare to energy. In d.school courses, students observe, brainstorm, synthesize, prototype and implement their product ideas. "Students start in the field, where they develop empathy for people they design for, uncovering real human needs they want to address," notes the description on the d.school's website.
• 27 Resources to Help Cultivate Design Thinking for Educators
• Extreme By DesignExtreme By Design, an hour-long documentary film, brings this revolution to life by following three university students as they design and build products to meet basic needs of the world's poor.
• Museum of Science, Boston Design Challenges
• Book: The Art of Innovation by Tom Kelley. In The Art of Innovation, Tom Kelley, general manager of the Silicon Valley based design firm IDEO, takes readers behind the scenes of this wildly imaginative and energized company to reveal the strategies and secrets it uses to turn out hit after hit.
• Book: Change by Design by Tim Brown
• Book: 100 Things Every Designer Needs to Know About People (Voices That Matter) by Susan Weinschenk
  Book: 100 MORE Things Every Designer Needs to Know About People (Voices That Matter) by Susan Weinschenk

What is good design?

Image from From AT&T's "The Telephone Story" poster

Science

Lesson Ideas

1. Biology: Create your own species. Design a fossil or skeleton and determine its scientific classification.
2. Biology: Print out bones, jaws,etc. and have students determine scientic classification
3. Biology: Explore the story of how a child's skull, found in an ancient cave, helped answer one of our oldest questions: Where do we come from? Radio Lab's The Skull
   Print the Taung Child Skull
4. Biology: How to 3D Print Proteins' guide
5. Engineering Challenge: Recreate a model from the Reuleaux Collection of Mechanical Mechanisms at Cornell University
6. Engineering Challenge: Create pieces for Rube Goldberg Contraption
7. Engineering Challenge: Design a machine that implements at least one of the following:
   • inclined plane
   • lever and fulcrum
   • wedge
   • screw
   • wheel and axle
   • Pulley
8. Explore Leonardo da Vinci's inventions.
9. Engineering Challenge: Design a robot that can move forward using kinematics.
10. Engineering Challenge: Design an automaton.
11. Engineering Challenge: Design the tallest structure with moodular parts.
12. Science and Engineering Challenge: Egg Drop Holder
    Design an Egg Drop Container Using Autodesk 123D.
13. Balloon Racers.
14. 3D and Museums
    Please Feel the Museum: The Emergence of 3D Printing and Scanning by Liz Neely and Miriam Langer.
15. Light.
16. Sound.
17. Moving across water.
18. DNA comb for a Gel Electrophoresis Separation
19. Designing blades/Conservation of Energy
20. LOW-COST 3D PRINTING FOR SCIENCE, EDUCATION & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
    LOW-COST 3D PRINTING FOR SCIENCE, EDUCATION & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (iBook)
21. Option 1:
    
    Topography
    
    Option 2:
    Topographical maps
22. 
    
    Optics
23. 
    
    Mirrors
24. 
    
    Filtration
25. 
    
    Factors Affecting Reaction Rate
26. 
    
    Crystal Growth
27. Option 1:
    
    Bridge Design
    
    Option 2: Modify this bridges assignment from BEAM, U.C Berkeley's Science and Engineering Outreach Program.
28. 
    
    Density
29. GIS

Teachable Objects

1. NIH 3D Print Exchange
   3dprint.nih.gov is a community-driven resource, which provides access to a community-contributed database of bioscientific 3D printable files. Click here to browse or search the database.
   The site is the result of a collaborative effort led by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in collaboration with the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development and the National Library of Medicine.
2. 
   
   Capture the Wind
3. 
   Catch the Wind Competition
4. 
   
   Educational Model of A Bacteriophage
5. 
   
   Jet Racer
6. 
   
   Articulated Arm
7. 
   
   Foam Gliders
8. 
   
   Dragon Fly
9. 
   
   Infectious Pathogens
10. 
    
    Magnetic Rack for 8, 1.5mL Tubes
11. 
    
    Laboratory Pipette
12. 
    
    Adjustable Volume Straw Pipette
13. 
    
    Pythagorean Cup
14. 
    
    Gale Crater, Mars
15. 
    
    Nematocyst
16. 
    
    Paddle Boat
17. 
    
    BodyParts3D Foot
18. 
    
    BodyParts3D Lumbar Vertebrae
19. 
    
    3D Printed Single Coil Pulse Motor

Additional Resources

Further Exploration

Source Materials

3D Printing Companies:

Companies/Publications:

Databases:

Homework

Terminology

Modeling Basics

List basic modeling techniques:

• Constructing primitives
• Drawing profiles
• Revolve
• Sweep
• Extrude
• Loft
• Shell
• Slice
• Union
• Intersect
• Subtract/Difference
• Fillet
• Chamfer

A brief history

A very brief history

Types of 3D Printers

• Stereolithography (SLA)

  A process that works by curing and solidifying successive layers of liquid photopolymer resin using an ultraviolet laser.
  
  
  Examples of Desktop 3D Printers are:
  • FormLabs
  • OWL Nano™
  • Pegasus Touch
  • B9 Creator
  
  SLA models can:
  • be translucent
  • have a high resolution
  • have undercuts
  • be large
  • have high level of accuracy and details

  ---

  The cons
  • The resin is expensive.
  • Process only works with photopolymers which are not stable over time.
  • Leftover resin can't be reused.
  • Resin may cause skin, eyes and respiratory system irritation, and skin sensitization/allergic reaction by skin contact. Inhalation of high vapor concentration may cause headaches and nausea.
  • Resin cannot be disposed of in drains, sewers, water supplies, or soil. You must dispose of the resin in accordance with all federal, state and local regulations.
  • Printer must be used in well-ventilated area.
  • You must wear impervious gloves (nitrile or neoprene) for routine handling. Aprons, long pants, and long sleeved shirts are also recommended.
  • Chemical splash goggles or a face shield is recommended during operations where splashing could occur.

• Digital Light Processing (DLP)

  
  Image from scanandmake.com
  
  This process is similar to stereolithography in that it works with photopolymers. DLP uses a more conventional light source than SLA, such as an arc lamp, or a projector to cure photopolymer resin. The process is quicker than SLA because the projector cures the entire layer of resin at once.
  
  DLP produces highly accurate parts with high resolution, but its similarities also include the same requirements for support structures and post-curing as SLA. One advantage of DLP over SLA is that only a shallow vat of resin is required to facilitate the process, which generally results in less waste and lower running costs.
  
  Desktop example
  • MiiCraft~4.3K
    
  • Solidator DLP Desktop 3D Printer (Discontinued)

• Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)

  This process uses certain melted thermoplastic materials that are joined together to form a shape. As the material hardens, a 3D object is formed.
  
  
  Desktop printers of this sort use Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technology. Examples of these 3D printers are:
  • Ultimaker
  • MakerBot
  • Orion Delta™ 3d Printer
  • DeltaPrintr

• Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)

  Similar to SLA, but instead of using liquid resin, powdered material is used. The material can be anything from nylon, ceramics, glass, aluminum, to steel or silver. The laser is traced across a bed of tightly compacted powdered material, according to the 3D data fed to the machine, in the X-Y axes. As the laser interacts with the surface of the powdered material it sinters, or fuses, the particles to each other forming a solid.
  
  The build chamber is completely sealed as it is necessary to maintain a precise temperature during the process specific to the melting point of the powdered material of choice.
  
  Examples of Desktop 3D Printers are:
  • Sinterit LISA desktop SLS printer ~$13,800.00
    
  Key advantages
  • Powder bed serves as support structure allowing for overhangs and undercuts.
  • Parts made through this process are strong.
  
  
  Key disadvantages
  • Requires high temperatures.
  • Requires long cooling times.
  • Porosity is an issue with this process, and some applications necessitate infiltration with another material.
  • There can be surface inaccuracies.

• Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) or

  Selective Deposition Lamination (SDL)

  
  LOM: In this process, to manufacture an object, plastic, paper and metal are glued together. After that, they are cut with a knife or a laser to give them a shape.
  
  SDL: This process builds parts layer by layer using standard copier paper. Each new layer is fixed to the previous layer using an adhesive. A higher density of adhesive is deposited in the area that will become the part, and a lower density of adhesive is applied in the surrounding area that will serve as the support.
  
  After a new sheet of paper is fed into the 3D printer, the build plate is moved up to a heat plate and pressure is applied. Pressure ensures the bonding between the two sheets of paper. The build plate then lowers and an adjustable Tungsten carbide blade cuts one sheet of paper at a time, creating the edges of the part. When cutting is complete, the 3D printer deposits the next layer of adhesive and so on until completion. Examples of Desktop 3D Printers are:
  • >Mcor ARKe (shutting down)
    

Other Ideas

• Adornment challenge: Design pendants, bracelets or superhero rings.
• Puzzle Challenge: Design a puzzle comprised of 3 interlocking separate objects.
• Mr. Potato Challenge: Design a base and modular pieces to attach to the base.
• Ball and Socket: Create an articulated hand or foot.
• Animation Challenges: Design/Plan a possible stop motion animation that could use printed pieces.
• Animation Challenge: Create a face with pieces for the mouth, eyes and eyebrows that can be moved and synced to sound.
• Design Challenge: Lamp That— turn an object into a lamp.
• Design Challenge: One a Day—ideating, designing, modeling and making. Pick an object like a coffee cup and see how far you can push it.
• Design Challenge: Create a 3D model from a younger student's drawing.
• Design Challenge: Scan and modify a plush toy.
• Humanities: Create puppets and re-enact a reading or play.
• CyArk: Spurred by the Taliban's destruction of the 1600-year-old Bamiyan Buddhas in Afghanistan, CyArk was founded in 2003 to ensure heritage sites are available to future generations, while making them uniquely accessible today. Visit the website for 3D lesson plans
• CyArk is a non-profit organization that is working on creating digital replicas of the world's best known monuments, with the hope of capturing 500 in total. The idea is to map and preserve these monuments. The CyArk website also provides resources for educators.
• Interdisciplinary: Capture your town, neighborhood, school.
• Interdisciplinary: Urban Futures

Modeling Basics

Most common errors

• Model is not on bed
• bed leveling
• filament breaking in the tube due to it getting tangled

G-code

G0 X-25 Y5  ; rapid movement to X=-25 and Y=5

G20/G21 or "set units"

G28  or "homing"

G28.1 X0 Y0 Z0
G90 or "absolute mode"

G0 X10
will send the machine head to the coordinate X=10.

G91 or "relative mode"

G91

G0 X10

G2 or "clockwise motion"

G21 G90 G17

G0 X6 Y18

G2 X18 Y6 I0 J-12

G3  or "counterclockwise motion"

Material Science

• Developing ways to combine different 3D printing methodologies to achieve novel capabilities in the field of additive manufacturing of biological materials.
• Focusing on the design, fabrication and optimization of microfluidic printing devices as well as omnidirectional printing of ceramic materials and particle-laden fluids.
• Working on 3D printing of biological materials and architectures. Specifically, they are creating highly vascularized cell-laden tissue constructs and developing novel inks.
• Creating stimuli-responsive polymer inks for the 3D printing of adaptable, bioinspired materials and structures.
• Developing stretchable electronics using embedded-3D peverinting to pattern conductive fluid inks directly into highly stretchable viscoelastic matrices, allowing freeform fabrication of monolithic elastomeric electronic devices.
• Developing hierarchical composites by designing 3D printing inks with rationally designed microstructures.
• Developing piezoelectric and pyroelectric polymer inks to add a new tool into the 3D printing toolbox.
• Working at the intersection of electronics and biology to use 3D printing to simplify the production of Lab-on-a-Chip assays for high throughput drug screenings.
• Creating a tiny (the size of a grain of sand) 3D-printed lithium-ion microbatteries.

Polymers

What materials are used for printing now?

Here are examples of different printing processes:

1. Composites and Ceramics
   1. Powder bed and inkjet head printers
      This process uses inkjet-type heads to deposit tiny droplets of liquid binder on top of a thin layer of powder. The final object is a stack of powder layers finely glued together. This type of printing can use ceramic powder to create food-safe objects.
      
      
2. Plastics
   1. Stereolithography (SLA)
      In this process liquid plastic resin is selectively hardened by exposure to high intensity light.
      
      
   2. Selective Laser Sintering
      This process uses high powered lasers to melt and fuse particles of very fine plastic powder
      
      
   3. Photopolymer Jetting
      This process uses moveable heads, like an inkjet printer, to deposit droplets of resin onto a build platform through a number of very small jets.
      
      
3. Metals
   1. Direct Metal laser sintering (DMLS)
      This process uses lasers to directly fuse certain metal powders, such as titanium, in a way similar to SLS printing.
      
      
   2. Direct Metal Printing
      This process uses a multi-step method to create powder-based metallic models, mainly from stainless steel. First the object is printed on a bed of fine stainless steel powder using the inkjet-binder process. A carefully controlled heat treatment then burns out the plastic binder and fuses the steel particles together. Lastly, the porous sintered model is infused with liquid bronze, which fills the empty spaces.
      
      
   3. Indirect Printing Methods
      This process uses casting methods to create metal parts.

Polymers are long chains of repeating molecules (monomers). Natural polymers include proteins, starch and cellulose.

Synthetic polymers are typically from hydrocarbons and are derived from crude oil. 6-10% of U.S. oil consumption goes towards generating synthetic polymers. That's approximately 2 million barrels a day (lawrence livermore, 2004; metabolix 2007).



Thermosets are permanent and are used for high temperature, high tolerance, or joining. They are not recyclable.

Thermoplastics are common materials in toy manufacturing. Thermoplastics are easy to (re)shape with different processes and are mostly recyclable. There are 8 common thermoplastics:

So what is PLA?

Polylactic acid (PLA), is a thermoplastic made from fermented plant starch (usually corn). It is an alternative to petroleum-based plastics.

PLA is technically carbon neutral in that it comes from renewable, carbon-absorbing plants, and does not emit toxic fumes when incinerated.

PLA biodegrades slowly unless it is subjected to industrial composting. Analysts estimate that a PLA bottle could take anywhere from 100 to 1,000 years to decompose in a landfill.

Here are examples of other filaments that can be used with Desktop FFF machines:

Image from fbrc8

Image from Tauman3D

Image from Lulzbot


Image from Matthew LaBerge

Image from LeapFrog

Image from fbrc8

Image from fbrc8

Image from fbrc8

Image from 3ders.org

• Alumide, a brittle Nylon Plastic that's filled with Aluminum dust.
• Detail Plastic, an acrylic based polymer that can print fine details. Smooth and slightly shiny.
• Frosted Detail Plastic, a UV-cured acrylic plastic that prints fine details and walls. Smooth and translucent.
• Stainless Steel — surface is slightly pitted & rough.
• Sterling Silver (92.5% silver).
• Gold Plated Brass, highly polished material
• Full Color Sandstone, gypsum printable with color textures on the model surface. Feels like matte clay.
• Ceramics Food-safe glazed ceramics. Available in glossy and satin finishes, and a variety of colors.

Project Ideas

Mr. Potato Head

Starting with how things work

• Design a whistle
  Research how a whistle works, then design your own:

  • Science behind whistles
  • American Whistle Corp.
  • How a whistle works
• Design a key-operated lock

Make to Learn

• Scientists analyze, asking, "How does it work?"
• Engineers invent, asking, "What is it good for?"
• Historians reflect, asking, "What is the impact?"

3D projects call for accuracy in measurements.

Here are some other puzzle ideas

• Tessellations
  • Glide Reflections
  • Translation
  • Rotation
• Coffin's Cube
• Burr Puzzle
• More puzzles
• Davidson Desktop Doohickeys: puzzle cubes

Constructionism

• Brushbots
• Explore Voronoi diagrams
• Design a Fidget Spinner

Iteration

Math

Lesson Ideas

• Modeling Equations
• The Golden Ratio
• Conic Sections
• Archimedean Solids
• Polyhedra
• Duality
• Snubbing Platonic Solids
• Cuboctahedrons
• Octahedrons
• Tetrahedrons
• Icosahedrons
• Finding the Area of a circle
• Catenary arches
• sphericons
• Fractals
• Sierpinski
• Koch Snowflake
• Reuleaux Triangle
• Math Puzzles
• Manipulatives
• Voronoi
• 3D Printing and Mathmatica
• Surfcad is a python proof-of-concept CAD library written by Christopher Olah
• Explore fractals with Sierpinski Tetrahedron and the Menger Sponge
  Mathematical Art at Shapeways
• Explore hyperbolic paraboloids in a multivariable calculus class
  
  Mathematica Code

  f[u_,v_]:={u,v,u^2-v^2}; scale = 40;
  radius = 0.75;
  numPoints = 24;
  gridSteps = 10;
  curvesU = Table[ scale*f [u, i ] , {i , -1, 1, 2/gridSteps }]; curvesV = Table[scale*f[j, v], {j, -1, 1, 2/gridSteps}]; tubesU = ParametricPlot3D [ curvesU , {u , -1, 1} , PlotStyle ->
  radius , PlotPoints -> numPoints ] , PlotRange -> All ] ; tubesV = ParametricPlot3D [ curvesV , {v , -1, 1} , PlotStyle -> radius , PlotPoints -> numPoints ] , PlotRange -> All ] ;
  Tube [
  Tube [
  shape of the object than a blank, featureless surface does, and it also communicates mathematical content in terms of the parameterisation. Third, it can be useful to be able to see partially through the surface to other features behind it.
  3.3 Mathematica code
  Here is the code to generate the graphical output shown in Figure 7a, together with the STL file.
  corners = Graphics3D[Table[Sphere[scale f[i, j], radius], {i, -1, 1, 2}, {j , -1, 1, 2}] , PlotPoints -> numPoints ];
  output = Show[tubesU, tubesV, corners] Export["MathematicaParametricSurface. stl", output]
  

• Cryptography

Teachable Objects

1. 
   
   Deluxe Math Spinner
2. 
   
   Math Gears
3. 
   
   Castellations
4. 
   
   Pythagorean Theorem
5. 
   
   Pythagoras Prints a Proof
6. 
   
   Trefoil Menagerie
7. 
   
   Apollonian Cone
8. 
   
   Cube Decomposition Trophy
9. 
   
   Hamiltonian circuit/cycle
10. 
    
    3D Printing for Math Professors and Their Students
11. 
    
    Pantograph
12. 
    
    Hinged Triangle-Square
13. 
    
    Foldable Cube - Print Flat
14. 
    
    Foldable Tetrahedron - Print Flat
15. 
    
    Customizable Menger sponge
16. 
    
    Menger Slices
17. 
    
    Customizable Sierpinski tetrix
18. 
    
    Rocking Knot
19. 
    
    Reflection Symmetry
20. 
    
    Gears
21. 
    
    N-sphere

What kind of tools are available?

A smaller list to get you started:

1. Tinkercad is web-based computer-aided design (CAD) software from Autodesk for 3D printing. It is a great entry point for beginners, as it allows you to build your model from basic shapes. TinkerCAD also allows you to import SVG files and convert them into 3D models.
   
   Click to open a Tinkercad Tutorial
   Click to open Pill Box Tutorial
   
   1. Navigate in a web-gl enabled browser, like Chrome or Firefox, to tinkercad.com
      
   2. If you have not already signed up for a free account, do so now.
   3. To exit the tutorial and start experimenting, exploring and modeling click on the Tinkercad logo:
      
      
   4. To start a new design click on Create new design
      
   5. For greater precision, toggle the Snap grid value between 0.1 and 1.0
      
   6. To add shapes, letters and numbers you drag your selection from the palette on the right over to the workplane:
      
   7. You can get the dimensions of an object by moving the cursor over the nodes or handles:
       
   8. You can also get and/or modify the dimensions by laying down the ruler:
      
      
      
   9. Drag the ruler to the corner of an object and click on the circle to select a quadrant to measure. This is helpful when you want to measure distances between objects:
      
   10. You can resize your form by dragging the corner points (nodes) or using the ruler and editing the field:
       
       
   11. Dragging the corner node while holding shift will increase the X,Y and Z axis proportionally:
       
   12. You can copy and paste your forms using the standard keyboard commands. When you paste, Tinkercad will move your new form to the right:
       
   13. You can raise the height of your form by dragging the node below the cone
       
   14. You can subtract shapes from each other by placing the shape you want to remove, selecting it and then clicking on the the hole icon
       
   15. You can still adjust the location of the hole by dragging the form
       
   16. When you want to remove the shape, drag your cursor over or Shift+Left Click on both objects (what you want to keep and what you want to remove)
       
       
   17. When both are selected, click on Group
       
   18. To undo the group, click Ungroup:
       
   19. To view the hole, rotate with the mouse:
       
   20. Tinkercad's rotate tool allows you to change the angle of your model or part of your model along the x, y or z axis.
       
       Tinkercad allows you to choose your resolution by providing three rings. Once you start the rotation you can move your mouse over the appropriate band. The center band allow you to adjust the rotation by full degrees. The inner band adjusts the angle in increments of 22.5° (half of 45°) and the outer band allows you the most precision.
       
       You can easily rotate your objects by clicking on the rotation icons and then selecting the band:
       
       
       
       
   21. You can move the workplane by placing it on a side of any of your forms. This allows you to add more forms on an angle:
       
   22. To reset the workplane, just drag the workplane from the palette to the work area:
       
   23. Tinkercad's Align tool allows you to align multiple objects.
       
       To use the Align tool. Select at least two objects by Shift left-clicking on them or by dragging a box around them. Once selected click on Align and move your mouse over a node to preview the move. Click the node to align the objects.
       
       
       • Select objects and click Align:
         
       • Click on the node you would like the forms to align with:
            
   24. When you are ready to download your object, click on the Design icon:
       
   25. Click on widget and rename design
       
   26. Save the changes and X out of menu.
   27. To download the STL file, click on Export icon:
       
       
       Then select the STL button, name your file and save to your desktop.
   28. Experiment, have fun, print

   A few Tinkercad skill builder challenges

   
   
   

   Linux

   In command line:

   ./chrome --enable-webgl

   or

   google-chrome --ignore-gpu-blacklist

   
   

   
   
   

   Mouse shortcuts:

   Right Click is the same as CTRL+click.
   
   

   • right drag/CTRL+drag rotate the camera
   • middle mouse drag pan the camera
   • mouse wheel zoom in and out

   Close tutorial

   Small Box Tutorial

   1. Open Google chrome, a webGL enabled browser.
   2. Navigate to Tinkercad.com.
   3. Sign in or sign up.
   4. Click on the Create a New Design button.
   5. The first part to design is the cap. Make a cylinder 30 x 30 x 20.
      
      There are 2 ways to do this:

      Option 1

      1. Drag a cylinder from the left on to the workplane:
         
      2. Drag the node out to adjust the x and y dimensions:
         

      Option 2

      Drag the ruler on to the workplane and adjust the x value first. Press tab to make the next adjustment:
      
   6. To make a smoother cylinder, increase the number of sides:
      
   7. Drag a cylinder that is a hole onto the workplane:
      
   8. If you haven't, drag a ruler onto the workplane:
      
   9. You want a wall thickness of 1.5mm, so set the x to 27, y to 27 and leave the z at 20.
   10. Click and drag the black cone so that the cylinder raises 2mm off the workplane, or change the value in the box:
       
   11. Select both cylinders and select Align:
       
   12. Click on the center nodes to align the objects.
   13. Make sure both cylinders are selected and click on Group.
   14. Drag another cylinder on to the workplane. Set the x to 30, y to 30 and z to 2:
       
   15. Drag another cylinder and set the x to 26, y to 26 and z to 16.
   16. Drag another cylinder hole on to the workplane. Set the x to 23, y to 23 and z to 18:
       
   17. You need to create a rim for friction. Drag another cylinder out and set the x to 27, y to 27, and z to 2.
   18. Move disc 14mm off the workplane:
       
   19. Select the last three cylinders by Shift left clicking each of them and align them:
       
   20. Drag a cube on to the workplane and set the x to 28, y to 2 and z to 14.
   21. Make a duplicate of the cube by pressing Command+D and rotate the duplicated box 90°. Hold Shift when rotating:
       
   22. Turn the two cubes into a hole and raise them both 2mm up:
       
   23. Align the boxes with the last group of cylinders:
       
   24. Group the aligned objects:
       
   25. Raise the grouped cylinders up 2mm and align with the cap:
       
   26. Consider moving the objects close together:
       
   27. Select Design icon and rename the model.
   28. Select Export and download the STLS together or separately.
   29. Print!

   Close tutorial
   
   Some Tinkercad ideas
   • DesignMakeTeach's PERSONALIZE A GIMBAL
     Tinkercad Gyro Maker by Mathgrrl (Laura Taalman)
     learn to move, align, and group objects and use that knowledge to put together a customized gyro from pre-made pieces.
     
     Choose one small inside hole and use the sliders in the Shape Script to change the number of sides/petals or the amount of twist in the shape. Then Align the small hole with the small blue gyro center and Group them together. For the outside, choose a large shape and customize it to your liking, then Align and Group the large shape with the large hole. Finally, select the customized outer ring together with the orange, yellow, green, and customized blue gyro rings, and Align and Group together to make the final gyro.
   • Coin Trap
     Pause the printer, drop the coin and resume printing
     Laura Taalman's Coin Trap Tutorial
     
   • Customize the Hinged Buterfly
     Ungroup and modify or just start with the hinge
   • Create your own nets with these hinges or download and print Mathgrrl's (Laura Taalman ) Triangular polyhedra nets
     The nets are made to have .2mm (one layer) base thickness plus another .2mm (another layer) for the faces themselves, which are inset just a bit from the base layer so that fold lines develop naturally. Thicker nets did not fold very well and tended to snap along the edges.
     
     Even better, make your own nets.
     Look at Origami Heaven for inspiration.
   • Explore Mathgrrl's (Laura Taalman ) Tiles for Stellated Octahedron
     Optimized to work with the low/.3mm settings
   • From a drawing to a model (inspired by DesignMakeTeach's SHARPIE TO 3D PRINT IN 30 MINUTES
     1. Draw a small picture on an index card with a Sharpie marker.
     2. Take a photo of the drawing
     3. Upload to your computer
     4. Open in Inkscape
     5. Select Path>Trace Bitmap. Click Update and close the pp-up window
     6. Save file as .svg
     7. Open a new model in Tinkercad
     8. Click Import, select file, scale the file
     9. Download and print
2. Meshmixer is another Autodesk product. It is 3D printing software for viewing, checking, editing and repairing STL files. It's especially good for making mashups and for spotting potential problems and automatically repairing them.
   
   

   Meshmixer Tutorials

   Meshmixer basics
   Meshmixer 101 videos

   Some Meshmixer ideas

   • Layer by Layer - How To Make Voronoi Patterns in MeshMixer
   • Voronoi Pattern
     1. Import a sphere into Meshmixer.
     2. Raise it above work plane so you can see entire shape.
     3. Press w to enable wireframe mode.
     4. Press s for the select tool and click on the sphere. Then press e to select entire sphere.
     5. From Edit menu select Reduce or press Shift R.
     6. Accept and Reduce a few more times.
     7. From Edit on sidebar select Make Pattern. Change the pattern to Dual Edges.
     8. Increase Element spacing, reduce Element Dimension.
     9. Accept.
     10. From Edit on sidebar select Make Solid.
     11. Export.
3. OpenSCAD—The Programmers Solid 3D CAD Modeller
   OpenSCAD is a free open source software application for creating solid 3D CAD (computer-aided design) objects. It is a script-only based modeller that uses its own description language.
   
   • OpenSCAD Intro
     
     

     OpenSCAD Tutorials:

     OpenSCAD Basics
     Modules
     Loops
     Polygons
     Libraries
     Write.scad
     MCAD library
     Build Plate Library
     Customizer
       Using Write.scad with Customizer
     External Editors
     Functions
     multimatrix()
     render()
     hull()
     projection()
     Quaternions
     Curves
     Databases
     With Blender!
     How to use Openscad, tricks and tips to design a parametric 3D object
     Using OpenSCAD to Design With Code
     
4. BeetleBlocks is a graphical blocks-based programming environment for 3D design and fabrication.
   
   It is made to use code to control a beetle that can place 3D shapes and extrude its path as a tube. Then it will make a 3D print. BeetleBlocks is made by Eric Rosenbaum and Duks Koschitz, with software development by Bernat Romagosa and Jens Moenig. It is based on Scratch and Snap.

   BeetleBlocks Resources

   Primer
   Getting started
5. BlocksCAD is a cloud-based, block-based 3D modeling software that is built on OpenSCAD. Users not only learn programming skills but learn about the underlying geometry of the 3D space, and about basic CAD fundamentals without having to create work arounds. The software is easy enough to be used by third graders, but powerful enough to be used productively by adults. while providing rich learning outcomes by developing strong math and computer programming skills. With a simple block-based programming interface, students will write programs to design their models.

   Tutorials:

   BlocksCAD YouTube playlist
   BlocksCAD Documentation
   Design Your Own Fidget Toy Using BlocksCAD
   BlocksCAD 101 - Making 3D Models with Code Blocks
   BlocksCAD 102: Coding a 3D Box That Grows
   BlocksCAD 103: Making the fitted Box Top
   BlocksCAD 104: 3D Modeling a Multi-compartment Box with Code
   Chris Wallace's Beginning 3D design
   
   
   Challenge: design a fidget spinner where: Your bearings have an exterior diameter of 22mm
   Your bearings have an interial diameter of 4mm
   Your marbles have a diameter of 14.95mm
6. SketchUp is a friendly and forgiving 3D modeling software.
   
   SketchUp Intro

   Tutorials:

   SketchUp Basics
   Spheres
   Polyhedra
   Groups
   Making solid models
   Spinning
   Cubes
   What to do when you can't make the model solid
   Autofolding
   Polygons
   Aligning
   Making Holes
   Scaling
   Subtracting Objects From Each Other
   Tubes
   Bezier Curves
   More Follow Me
   Components
   3D Vinci: Sketchup resources for educators
   
7. 3DSlash an easy way to create 3D models (similar to 8bit art)
8. Blender is a free and open source 3D creation suite. It supports the entirety of the 3D pipeline-modeling, rigging, animation, simulation, rendering, compositing and motion tracking, video editing and game creation. Advanced users employ Blender's API for Python scripting to customize the application and write specialized tools.
   
   Blender Intro

   Blender Tutorials

   Blender Introduction Tutorial #001 The Basics
   Building a Custom Ring in Blender for 3D Printing
9. Kinematics@home website is from Nervous System, which is a generative design studio that works at the intersection of science, art, and technology. Drawing inspiration from natural phenomena, they create computer simulations to generate designs and use digital fabrication to realize products.
   
   Kinematics is a system for designing and simulating flexible structures for 3D printing. Kinematics generates customized designs composed of 10s to thousands of hinged, interlocking modules. The designs are computationally folded using rigid-body physics into a smaller form for fabrication by 3D printing.
   
10. Project Shapeshifter is a free technology preview by Autodesk. It provides an easy way to create complex 3D Printable models in your web browser. With a simple tweak of sliders, you can control the object's shape and select a 3D pattern that wraps around it.
11. Touch Mapper uses OpenStreetMap data to create tactile maps, which are aids for the visually impaired, helping them to orient themselves and to plan routes. Using Touch Mapper, you can easily create custom outdoor maps for any address of your choice. You can either print the map yourself using an embosser, a swell paper printer or a 3D printer, or you can order an affordable 3D print (a basic map for 35 euros, about USD40).
12. Image to Lithophane allows you to pick an image, , set Image parameters and Model parameters. Then refresh view to see the results. If autodownload is set, the STL will download each time you refresh.
13. iPad software Morphi is a simple, accessible and inexpensive 3D design tool for users of all ages, skills, and levels.

    Morphi Tutorials

    Morphi for iPad video playlist
    Morphi for Mac and Windows video playlist
14. Autodesk website
    Students, teachers and academic institutions worldwide are eligible for free access to Autodesk software.
    • Fusion 360 is a cloud-based CAD/CAM/CAE tool for collaborative product development. Fusion 360 combines fast and easy organic modeling with precise solid modeling, allowing you to make your designs manufacturable.
    • Autocad is a computer-aided drafting software program used to create blueprints for buildings, bridges, and computer chips, among other things. Discover how AutoCAD is used by drafters and other professionals. ... CAD Drafting and Design Technology.
    • Inventor is a computer-aided design application for creating 3D digital prototypes used in the design, visualization and simulation of products.
    • Maya is a 3D computer graphics software that runs on Windows, macOS and Linux.

Creative Commons (CC) licenses

License Types

1. Attribution CC BY

   This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials.

2. Attribution ShareAlike CC BY-SA

   This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms. This license is often compared to "copyleft" free and open source software licenses. All new works based on yours will carry the same license, so any derivatives will also allow commercial use. This is the license used by Wikipedia, and is recommended for materials that would benefit from incorporating content from Wikipedia and similarly licensed projects.

3. Attribution-NoDerivs CC BY-ND

   This license allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to you.

4. Attribution-NonCommercial CC BY-NC

   This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, and although their new works must also acknowledge you and be non-commercial, they don't have to license their derivative works on the same terms.

5. Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike CC BY-NC-SA

   This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms.

6. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs CC BY-NC-ND

   This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms. This license is the most restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your works and share them with others as long as they credit you, but they can't change them in any way or use them commercially.

Post Processing

Basic steps

Colleges and Universities

• Prosthetics:
  • Ultimaker Pioneer Eric Bubar
  • Frank Fedel, Eastern Michigan University, 3D virtual and physical models for AR, VR and 3D printing - Graduate Program in Orthotics & Prosthetics; applicable to all levels of education.
  • George Mason students design 3D-printed prosthetic arm for young violinist
• Science:
  • Bowdoin
    Bowdoin Profs, Students Use 3D Printers to Advance Their Work
  • Brown University
    3D Printing For CT Scan Analysis, Space Education
  • Cardiff University
    Professor of Microfluidics Discusses 3D Printing Benefits and Possible Future Improvements with Ultimaker
  • Cornell
    3D Printing Helps Cornell Study How Spiders See
  • Drexel
    Drexel Students Use 3D Printing to Explore How the Dreadnoughtus Dinosuar Could Have Moved
  • Duke University
    STUDENTS, DOCTORS DEVELOP NEXT-GENERATION SURGICAL IMPLANTSTwo groups of undergraduate students at Duke University have been creating biomedical devices for their senior design projects with a campus rarity—a titanium 3D metal printer.
    Terrence Oas, Duke University, 3D visualization of energy landscapes. Demonstration of Boltzmann distributions and kinetics.
  • Iowa State
    ISU Geology Professor Uses 3D Printing to Model Porous Rock, Fossils, and Other Teaching Aids
  • Kansas State University Students use 3D printing to create custom flexible resin skins for prosthetics
  • North Carolina State University
    Kat Cooper,
    Printing the Future of Science
  • Purdue
    Purdue 3D Printing Service Fabricates Bone Models for PVM Surgery Training
  • Penn State
    Penn State Turns to 3D Printing, Online Learning to Teach Students About the Brain
    3D PRINTING OF PATTERNED MEMBRANES
  • Radboud University Medical Center, Netherlands
    3D Printed Models Help Doctors to Treat Brain Tumors--and Patients to Understand Them
  • Stetson
    W. Tandy Grubbs, Professor & Chair, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
  • University of Central Florida
    University of Central Florida is Working to Make 3D Printed Heart Models Readily Available
  • UCONN
    Students Design Artificial Kidney with 3-D Printing
  • University Georgia
    University Georgia Uses 3d printing to create arm brace for running back Sony Michel
  • University of Minnesota
    3D Printing and Molecular Models
    Made to order: The latest 3-D printers lay down medicine's future
    IEM 3D Printing Core
    Enabling the Future
  • University of Washington
    3D Printed Yeast Could be the Future of Alcohol Fermentation
    PRINT ME A PINT: 3D-PRINTED BIOREACTOR OFFERS SMART NEW WAY TO BREW BEER
  • University of Wisconsin-Whitewater
    Steven Sahyun,
    3D Printable Objects for Learning Physics and Science
    Beyond Boundries: 3-D Printable Tactile Objects to Aid in Science Understanding
  • Wabash College
    Lon Porter
    High-impact, learner-centered digital design and 3D printing student course projects and internships that prepares students for the challenges of creative problem solving in the STEM disciplines. Students in these intensive research experiences were challenged to employ digital design and fabrication in the design, testing, and construction of inexpensive scientific instrumentation for use in introductory STEM courses. Preliminary assessment of student learning outcomes is shared and the program specifics are described.
    
    Active Learning and Student Engagement via 3D Printing and Design: Integrating Undergraduate Research, Service Learning, and Cross-Disciplinary Collaborations
  • Wesleyan University
    Thomas Uses CT Scans, Computer-Aided Visualizations to Study and Teach Microfossils
  • Vanderbilt University
    Vanderbilt University Team Develops 3D Printed Device to Diagnose and Fight Malaria in Zambia
  • Wake Technical Community College
    Andrew Vinal, Ph.D.
    3D Printing, Integrating Curriculum and out of the classroom research opportunities to enhance understanding of Biology and Anatomy & Physiology.
  • York College, CUNY
    Daniel Phelps
    Digital Fabrication and NASA Research Competitions
• Art/Architecture:
  • SAIC
    Ultimaker Pioneer Tom Burtonwood
    Detail shot of Specimens, 2014, 3D printed installation from SAIC’s Art Bash 2014
    'Immediate Objects: Explorations in 3D Printing' at the School at the Art Institute of Chicago
    
  • Barnard
    Leah Meisterlin
    Datascapes & the Informal City (Fall 2013)
  • Cabrillo College Fab Lab
    Ultimaker Pioneer Payson McNett
  • Carnegie Mellon
    Carnegie Mellon University Student Designs 3D Printed Crab Robot
  • Clemson
    Ultimaker Pioneer Insun Kwon,
    Researchers Twist, Squeeze & Crush 3D Printed Seahorse Tails to Further Advances in Robotics
    Clemson Grad Students Use 3D Printing to Transform BMW X3 for Annual Deep Orange Project
  • Drury
    David Beach
    Immersive Labs, Virtual Designs Guiding Drury Chemistry, Architecture Students
    Architecture inspired through the use of digital fabrication
  • East Michigan University
    Meshbombs: Jason Ferguson Discusses 3D Printed Street Art
  • East Stroudsburg UniversityDarlene Farris-LaBar
    ESU Launches Four New Undergraduate Certificates (3D printing and product design)
  • Central Connecticut State University
    Charles Menoche
    Music You Can Touch
  • Cornell University Cornell College professor uses 3Dprinting to recreate ancient cultures
  • Introducing Indiana Architecture X3DJuly 9, 2014
  • Harvard
    3D Printing Meets Green Living in Landscape Architects' Cella Planters
    3D-printed heart-on-a-chip with integrated sensors
    Harvard University researchers have made the first entirely 3D-printed organ-on-a-chip with integrated sensing. Built by a fully automated, digital manufacturing procedure, the 3D-printed heart-on-a-chip can be quickly fabricated and customized, allowing researchers to easily collect reliable data for short-term and long-term studies.
    Harvard University Graduate School of Design
    
    OBJECTHOOD—Recipient of the 2016 Clifford Wong Prize in Housing Design
    
    Projectors, Experiments in Image Tectonics—recipient of the Daniel L. Schodek Award for Technology and Sustainability
  • James Madison Univiersity
    Daniel Robinson 3D printing in the arts, Higher Education
  • Kent State
    What are some examples of practical uses for 3D printing?
  • Penn State
    Penn State professor, students use 3D printing to help blind people 'see' art
  • OSU: Advanced Computing Center for the Arts and Design (ACCAD)
    is a multidisciplinary fabrication facility that facilitates faculty and student research through digital and traditional fabrication tools and techniques.
  • Portland Community College Architecture Students Use 3D Printing To Visualize Scale
  • Saint Mary's University of Minnesota
    Exploring and Connecting 3D Printing to Teaching and Learning by Jason Spartz, M.A., Karen Sorvaag, Ed.D., Lisa Truax, M.F.A, Brett Bodsgard, Ph.D.
  • Technical University Delft Dutch students use 3D printing to replicate 17th century glass objects
  • Texas A&M
    Could NYC's Skyline One Day Be 3D Printed? Texas A&M Students Explore Vertical & Virtual Density
  • Texas Woman's University
    Colby Parsons, Examples of efforts at a university art department to introduce 3D fabrication into the teaching of basic art skills.
  • University of Texas at Austin, College of Fine Arts
    Come Make It
  • UCLA
    Spring 2013 Technology Seminar exhibition
    Reconstructing the Past: 3D Printing the Ruins of Pumapunku
  • Appalachian State
    Appalachian State Professor- Takes 3D Printing Approach Clay Ceramics
    Appalachian graphic design professor takes 3D printing approach to clay, ceramics
  • University of California Berkeley:BLOOM - THE FUTURE OF 3D PRINTING
    Building a House the Eco-Friendly Way with 3D Printing
    Emerging Objects: 3D Printing Pioneers Will Build Houses Out of Salt
  • Oct 9, 2014 Three-dimensional printers are taking the stage - literally - in live theatre productions at Baylor. Former Disneyland costume designer/wardrobe coordinator Joe Kucharski, assistant professor of theatre arts in Baylor's College of Arts & Sciences, says incorporating the new technology into the theatre arts curriculum
  • Minneapolis College of Art and Design
    Digital Fabrication: 3D Printing and Art
  • Virginia Western Community College
    Ultimaker Pioneer Jason Garrett Tailor-made: Engineering custom projects for instructors
  • University of Virginia
    3D printing helps UVA PhD students to resurrect ancient civilizations
  • Vanderbilt University
    Veronica Ikeshoji-Orlati Art history and archaeology through 3D printing, materiality of 3D printed objects
  • University of Connecticut
    
    An original mouthpiece for a 19th-century saxophone built by Adolphe Sax, second from top left, sits among 3D copies on at the University of Connecticut's Depot campus in Mansfiled, Conn. UConn researchers are using CT scans and 3D printing to help study and restore antique musical instruments. (AP Photo/ Pat Eaton-Robb) (THE ASSOCIATED PRESS)
    UConn uses CT scans and 3D printing to restore antique musical instruments July 28, 2014
    Researchers at the University of Connecticut are using 3D printing medical technology to bring new life into some antique musical instruments.
  • UNC Chapel Hill Chapel Hill
    David Romito
  • Yale
    Michael Anderson of Yale's Peabody Museum and Natural History and Ken Lovell of Yale's Digital Media Center for the Arts are researching 3D printing techniques for maintaining and restoring the Peabody's unique natural history dioramas. Video produced by Patrick Lynch for YaleNews. Jun 24, 2014
    Yale Yale Assistant Professor of French Morgane Cadieu and her students worked with engineers at Yale's Center for Engineering Innovation and Design to produce a 3D printed model of a 19th century French train, based solely on Zola's detailed descriptions of trains in his novel "The Beast Within." Feb 13, 2015
• Math:
  • Ultimaker Pioneer Laura Taalman, JMU, hacktastic
  • Ultimaker Pioneer Kristen Schreck, Saint Xavier U
  • Bree Ettinger Emory University
  • Henry Segerman, Oaklahoma State, Visualizing Mathematics
  • Harvard
    Thinking like Archimedes with a 3D printer by Elizabeth Slavkovsky
  • Penn State
    3D printing creates math formulas that students can hold in their hands
  • Washington & Lee
    Visions in Math
  • Wesleyan University
    3D Math Models
  • Denison
    Lew Ludwig
    3D Printing — from abstract to the Concrete
    
  • Michael Gagliardo, California Lutheran University, Using 3D printed surfaces in Multivariable Calculus
  • Christopher Hanusa, Queens College, CUNY, Mathematica to create and export 3D artwork.
  • Stepan Paul, UC Santa Barbara Math Education Research, Multivariable Calculus
  • Tim Pelton University of Victoria STEAM, Inquiry, mathematics
  • Evelyn Sander George Mason University, Mathematical 3D Printing
    GMU Math MakerLab
• General:
  • Atlantic University College
    Vicente Gasco , 3D printing in education, empowerment, assistive devices, social
  • Cornell University
    Roberta Militello Digital fabrication, 3D thinking,
  • Denison
    3D printing course takes place in Mulberry Maker Space
    Denison takes a step into the future with new 3D printers
  • DePaul University College of Business
    3D Printer To Turn Student Ideas Into Reality
  • Folsom Lake College
    Ultimaker Pioneer Zack Dowell
  • Gonzaga University students develop affordable 3D printed Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) for children
  • Illinois State University
    Students learning to change the world with 3D printing
  • JMU
    Ultimaker Pioneer Jamie Calcagno-Roach
    
  • Lawrence University
    
  • Miami University 3D Printing Aids Education at Miami Sep 29, 2015
  • Purdue University
    John Sherrill, 3D printing in rhetoric and composition/English, considering documentation as educational opportunity, adapting to changes in software
  • Penn State
    Collaboration putting students at intersection of innovation, industry
    Future of 3D printing looks bright at Fayette campus
    PSU 3D Printing Club examples
  • Rutgers University
    Student Creates Braille Maps with 3D Printing
    How 3D-Printed Maps Are Helping the Blind and Visually Impaired
  • Syracuse University
    Syracuse University 3D Printing Projects
  • Texas A&M
    Texas A&M student 3D prints tactile maps of campus for the visually impaired
    3D Print Accessibility – Braille Campus Map of Texas A&M
    Texas A&M University Students Developed an Affordable 3D Printed Otoscope to Help Diagnose Hearing Loss in Developing Countries
  • UCLA
    3D4E at UCLA
  • University of Chicago
    Elizabeth Koprucki - Design, prototyping for science, university makerspaces, working with high school interns
  • University of Colorado
    Tom Yeh
  • UCONN School of Business
    The OPIM Department in the School of Business offers hands-on technology oriented workshops on a variety of topics of interest to the UConn community
  • University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
    CS STUDENTS ARE SWEET ON 3D PRINTING
    University of Illinois College of Business
    Ronald Duncan , Making and 3D printing for low-resource low-literacy populations
  • University of Minnesota
    Why Engage in 3D Modeling Projects?
  • UNC Chapel Hill
    Elliot Krause Chapel Hill Using 3D Models to Improve STEM Education for the Visually Impaired
  • University of Utah
    U. professor uses 3-D printing to replicate climbing routes
  • University of Virginia
    Scholars' Lab
  • Wellesley College
    Digitizing the Physical: Using Maker Technology to Create 3D Portraits
    3D Printing Technology Is Helping Shape Hands-on Classroom And Community Learning
    Featured Projects
  • West Chester University
    Art Professor Uses Ancient Beer Pong and 3D Printing to Teach Greek History
  • Wesleyan University
    3D Printing Unlocks The Secrets Of The Portable Pork Clock
    3D Printed Pork Clock Demonstrates Humor of Ancient Romans
• Western Kentucky University
  Ultimaker Pioneer Antonia Szymanski,3D Printing, STEAM Education
• Michigan State University Libraries
  Amanda Tickner Learn how to make a terrain model
• Perimeter College at Georgia State University Innovation
  John Weber
  fabrication of functional models; troubleshooting design flaws; and project-based learning in higher education.
• Vanderbilt University
  Academic Courses held at the Wond'ry
• Virginia Tech
  May 28, 2014, In the Spring of 2012, the Virginia Tech DREAMS Lab unveiled the DreamVendor, the world's first 3D printing vending machine. Now, they are proud to present the next evolution of the DreamVendor system: the DreamVendor 2.

• 3D Printing Education: Learn to Incorporate 3D Printing in the Class With 3D printing emerging in schools, there are many teachers left wondering how to integrate 3D printing in their classroom material. We will hear from Jerry Shaw, a lead engineering teacher and curriculum developer at a technical high school on how to approach 3D printing in the classroom.
  7/27/17
• 3D printer capabilities form the future of higher edBehind the scenes of effective campus 3D printing operations by Brian Nadel
  5/29/17
• In the Classroom and Beyond, Colleges Find Ample Uses for 3D Printing by Chris Hayhurst 5/3/17
• Young Research Library 3-D printer accepts student, faculty proposalsDaniels said the library printers, though high-quality, are intended to allow students to test their projects' prototypes and the functionality of their pieces before taking them to more costly, advanced printers within the School of Engineering and Design | Media Arts department...
  
  Last December, the library held a 3-D Printing Exhibition in the Young Research Library lobby to demonstrate the printing technology and begin outreach to student and faculty groups on campus, Daniels said. More than 100 people attended.
  By Allison Ong, October 15, 2015
• Math Professors + 3D Printing = Real World Learning Caroline Miller, Managing Editor, Pearson | April 3, 2015
• 3D Printing Heats Up on Campus By Dian Schaffhauser 02/26/15
• 3D Printing as a DIY Library Service: lessons learnedDecember 2014
• New 3D printing technologies spark synergies across campus From creating leaves for natural history dioramas, to creating racing car parts for inter-collegiate competitions, 3D printing is being used for a host of innovative projects across the Yale community. June 24, 2014
• Computer Science & 3D Printing: Molding the Future and Changing Lives
• Research Takes on New Dimensions with 3D Printers by Jenny Davis February 27, 2014

CT SCANS

Tutorials, walkthroughs and resources

• mriconvert-and-mcverter MRIConvert is a medical image file conversion utility that converts DICOM files to NIfTI 1.1, FSL NIfTI, Analyze 7.5 , SPM99/Analyze, BrainVoyager, and MetaImage volume formats.
• STL FILES FROM CT SCANS
• itksnap provides semi-automated segmentation for 3D medical images, similar to functionality provided by 3D Slicer
• witmerlWitmerLab at Ohio University explores the functional morphology of vertebrates. A major focus has been the soft tissues of the heads of dinosaurs, and so, vertebrate paleontology is an important activity. But, since fossils tend to preserve only bones and teeth, we also study modern-day animals. As a result, our projects are diverse, ranging from studies of the nasal apparatus of Diplodocus to the brain and ear of T. rex to the horns of rhinos to the airflow in alligator heads, and so on. We use traditional techniques, as well as the latest in high-tech imaging and 3D visualization. Anatomy is our stock-in-trade, because anatomical details record the evolution of adaptation. Their study provides a better understanding of the vertebrate head: how it works—from physiology to biomechanics—and how it evolves.
• CT scan data of American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis (OUVC 9757)
• CT scan data of American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis (OUVC 10387)
• CT scan data of American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis (OUVC 10597)
• witmerlabThis page provides a growing resource of QuickTime movies and 3D PDFs arising from various WitmerLab publications. For help with the 3D PDFs, go to the bottom of the page. Original CT scan datasets are available for some specimens and can be downloaded from their Project pages.
• Data from: Vascular patterns in the heads of crocodilians: blood vessels and sites of thermal exchange
• morphosource MorphoSource is a project-based data archive that allows researchers to store and organize, share, and distribute their own 3d data. Furthermore any registered user can immediately search for and download 3d morphological data sets that have been made accessible through the consent of data authors.
• 3D Slicer is an open source, 3D reconstruction package that is intended to work with tomographic data of all types - particularly CT and MRI. It excels at making high-quality surface reconstructions (although a volume rendering module is nearing maturity, too), volumetric measurements, and all other sorts of things.
  
  a free and open-source platform for analyzing and understanding medical image data. Created through multiple grants from the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) over almost two decades, Slicer brings powerful medical image processing, visualization, and data analysis tools within reach of everyone.
• Medical 3D Model Creation: From CT Scan to 3D Printable STL File in 20 Minutes Using Free Software Programs 3D Slicer, Blender, and Meshmixer
• A Ridiculously Easy Way to Convert CT Scans to 3D Printable Bone STL Models for Free in Minutes In this tutorial you will learn how to quickly and easily make 3D printable bone models from medical CT scans using the free online service democratiz3D. The method described here requires no prior knowledge of medical imaging or 3D printing software. Creation of your first model can be completed in as little as 10 minutes.
  
  
• How to Create 3D Printable Models from Medical Scans in 30 Minutes Using Free Software: Osirix, Blender, and Meshmixer
• From Dicom to STL
• Desktop 3D Printing of CT Scan Images
• Creating 3D Printable Medical Models and STL Files for Free: Online Services vs. Desktop Software - Slicer and Meshmixer
• Navigating 3D Slicer 101: Basic Introduction to Slicer Software and Tutorial on Cropping DICOM Data
• Creating 3D Printable Medical Models and STL Files for Free: Online Services vs. Desktop Software - Slicer and Meshmixer
• Dicom Primer
• Easily Create 3D Printable Muscle and Skin STL Files from Medical CT Scans